Osteomyelitis in dogs and cats
Osteomyelitis in dogs and cats
Osteomyelitis in dogs and cats is mostly caused by open fractures or other trauma, as well as other inflammatory diseases caused by bone marrow infection bacteria, viruses and other causes of osteitis and bone marrow inflammation. Prompt anti-inflammatory treatment is needed to avoid the dog and cat from developing systemic infection triggering sepsis and death.
Clinical signs of osteomyelitis in dogs and cats
Osteomyelitis is a general term for inflammation of the bone and bone marrow. Bacterial, fungal and viral infections can cause osteomyelitis, but bacterial infections are more common. According to the development of the disease, it can be divided into two categories: acute and chronic osteomyelitis. Traumatic osteomyelitis occurs mostly after bone injuries, especially open fractures, comminuted fractures, or due to internal fixation in fracture treatment, where pathogenic bacteria can become infected directly through the wound. These pathogenic bacteria are mostly staphylococci, streptococci and other pyogenic bacteria. Hematogenous osteomyelitis often refers to osteomyelitis that occurs as a result of cellulitis, abscesses, sepsis, etc. in the body, where pathogenic bacteria enter the bone marrow from the blood circulation.
Acute septic osteomyelitis generally after the pathogenic bacteria invade the medulla, may form limited intramedullary abscess, may also develop into diffuse bone marrow cellulitis. At this time, the affected animals have a sudden rise in body temperature, depression, decreased appetite or abolition, local rapid burning, painful swelling, compression of the affected part of the pain is significant, and serious dysfunction occurs. Osteomyelitis occurring in the limbs showing severe lameness, local lymph node enlargement, pain on palpation, leukocytosis in blood test, in severe cases, the condition develops very quickly, and if not treated in time, sepsis usually occurs and death occurs. After a certain period of time abscess maturity, local fluctuation, abscess self-collapse or incision and drainage of pus, the formation of purulent sinus tracts, clinically can be seen thick pus discharged in large quantities, at this time the systemic symptoms are relieved. Entering the bone marrow cavity with a probe or probing with a finger, a rough bony surface can be felt, and the pus is often mixed with crushed bone chips or slag. One or more purulent sinus tracts are formed in the affected part of chronic disease, and are accompanied by lymphadenopathy, muscular atrophy, fibrous degeneration, and wasting of the organism.
Dr. Oxygen Pet recommends
Promptly go to the veterinary hospital for treatment to avoid systemic infection, prevent sepsis, and supplement nutrition to avoid weakness, emaciation, muscle atrophy and other symptoms in dogs and cats.
1, Cefadroxil tablets (Puente) anti-inflammatory and anti-infection, can effectively target staphylococcus, streptococcus and other septic bacteria, 20 mg / kg, once a day, continuous use until 2-3 days after the disappearance of symptoms.
2, Vipda Amoxicillin Powder, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial, can target staphylococcus, E. coli and other germs in dogs and cats, once a day for 3-5 days.
3. IGY Anti-Terra supplementation to enhance the body’s immunity, 1 bottle per day * 5 days.
4, the creation of the skin trauma spray (Puante) for wound incision pus discharge after the hemostasis muscle, postoperative spray once can be, deeper wounds can be added 2-3 times, each time the spray 3 times.
5、Combic Bicol lactic acid isacridine solution, daily sterilization and disinfection of wounds, can effectively kill staphylococcus, streptococcus, gram-positive bacteria and other purulent bacteria, 3-5 times a day, for 5-7 days.
6. High Energy Milk Calcium Tablets (Puente) Supplemental Calcium Substance, Strong Dogs and Cats Bones, Take according to body weight.
Osteomyelitis Treatment Options for Dogs and Cats
The principle of treatment is to control the inflammation early and prevent osteonecrosis and sepsis.
1, Cefazolin sodium (osteomyelitis), 20 mg/kg, intravenous drip/intramuscular injection/subcutaneous injection, 3~4 times a day. Use continuously for 4~6 weeks, or 1~2 weeks after inflammation disappears.
2、Speed Nuo (Amoxicillin Clavulanate Potassium Suspension), dogs/cats: 0.1 ml/kg, intramuscular injection/subcutaneous injection, once a day.
3、Bayli (enrofloxacin) injection, 1 ml/kg, subcutaneous injection/intramuscular injection, once a day.
4, Cefoxitin sodium, dogs: 15~30 mg/kg, subcutaneous injection/intramuscular injection/intravenous drip, 3~4 times a day; cats: 22 mg/kg, intravenous drip, 3~4 times a day. Use continuously for 4~6 weeks, or 1~2 weeks after inflammation disappears.
5. Amikacin (osteomyelitis), dogs: 5-15 mg/kg, intramuscular/subcutaneous injection, 1-3 times daily; cats: 10 mg/kg, intramuscular/subcutaneous injection, 3 times daily.
6. Erythromycin lactobionate (osteomyelitis), 10-15 mg/kg, orally, 2-4 times daily; 5-10 mg/kg, intravenously, once daily.
7. Enrofloxacin (osteomyelitis), dogs: 5-15 mg/kg, orally, twice daily.
8. Clindamycin (osteomyelitis), 11 mg/kg, orally/intramuscularly/intravenously every 2-3 times.
If antibiotics are ineffective, incise the abscess and flush it after draining the pus.
Failure to control the inflammation and stop its spread may result in amputation to remove the affected bone.